Colonialism in The Tempest Essay

Background Information In 1609 a fleet of social club ships set out from England, headed towards John Smiths Virginia colony, the first English settlement in the New World. One of the nine ships was separated during a crazy storm and ended up on Bermuda. These shipwrecked Europeans began colonizing the island and enslaving the inborn population. Shakespeares Tempest is based on this incident. For over a vitamin C, a number of critics have well-tried to interpret the various elements of post colonialism present in the Tempest.In 1818, the English critic William Hazlitt was the first to point out that Prospero had usurped Caliban from his rule of the island and thus, was an agent of imperialism. This view provided the rear for modern interpretations of the Tempest as a post colonial work. Shakespeares Tempest is an amalgam of various pots colonial elements Prospero is a European who has taken forethought of a remote island, being able to do so because of his strong magic powers. With these powers, he organizes a life for himself, gets the local inhabitants (Ariel and Caliban) to work for him, and maintains his control by a combination of threats, spells and enchantments, and promises of freedom some day. By taking charge of a place which is not his and by exerting his European authority over the obscure non-European creatures, Prospero can be seen as an obvious symbol for European colonial power. However, Caliban is perhaps the strongest symbol of Post colonialism. Caliban, a native of the island, regards himself as the rightful owner of the place.He bluntly states This islands mine, by Sycorax my mother, which thou takest from me. He is forced against his will to serve Prospero and Miranda. Initially, Prospero extends to Caliban his European hospitality, teaches him language, and, in return, is shown all the natural resources of the island by Caliban. just now Caliban refuses to live by Prosperos rules, tries to rape Miranda, and their relationship cha nges to one of master and slave. Shakespeare represents as Caliban as an ignoble savage. When Trinculo first encounters Caliban, he views him as some affable of monster.After recoiling in horror from Caliban, Trinculo considers bringing the monster back to England where he can be displayed in a freak show Were I in England now, as once I was, and had but this fish painted, not holiday fool on that point but would give a piece of silver there would this monster make a man any strange beast there makes a man when they will not give a doit (coin) to lull a lame beggar, they will lay out ten to see a dead Indian. Trinculo is referring to the practice of exhibiting Indians for money in late 16th century England.Such freak shows were highly profitable investments and were a regular feature of colonial policy under King James I. Caliban tries to help Trinculo find food, who business leader liberate him from Prospero, his current master and lord of the island. Caliban unctuously says I prithee, let me bring thee where crabs grow And I with my long nails will dig thee pig-nuts sight thee a jays nest, and how to snare the nimble marmoset Ill get thee To clustering filberts and sometimes Ill get thee young scamels from the rock. Wilt thou go with me? Powhatan, the native chief, had provided the same services to John Smiths colony.After half of the colonists died in the first year, Powhatan took pity and taught the colonists how to plant corn, beans, pumpkins, and squash. However, once the starving British colonists aged their strength, they once again set about the task of enslaving the native population. The play ends with Prospero deciding to return to Europe and to decolonize his island and emancipate his slaves. The colonizer sets himself free as well. Prospero not only gives up his island, but relinquishes his magical powers that enabled him to control Caliban.